↑Swipe up to play full screen
  • A Craftax day is 300 steps.
  • Hunger and thirst count steps, not seconds.


W A S Dwalk
Shift + W A S Dturn without stepping
← → ↑ ↓look around
Spaceact on the tile ahead
1–0, −pick a hotbar slot
Einventory and crafting
Space or Qclimb a ladder
Zsleep (energy not full)
Rrest (health not full)
Xplace block ahead
C V B2D, 1P/3P, bird's-eye
Mcolor, phosphor, laser
Shift + Mthe same, backward
F5First or third person
Tthe next theme
Shift + Tthe same, backward
Pagent plays / take over
Ksound on or off
Ggraphics quality
Hthese controls
Escpause

The papers behind the game and its agents.

Craftax: A Lightning-Fast Benchmark for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning

Michael Matthews, Michael Beukman, Benjamin Ellis, Mikayel Samvelyan, Matthew Jackson, Samuel Coward, Jakob Foerster · ICML 2024

The game this site plays: Crafter's ideas, NetHack's depth, written in JAX so agents train on billions of steps.

Benchmarking the Spectrum of Agent Capabilities

Danijar Hafner · ICLR 2022

Crafter, the 2D survival benchmark Craftax extends: one world, many achievements, scored by how many an agent unlocks.

The NetHack Learning Environment

Heinrich Küttler, Nantas Nardelli, Alexander H. Miller, Roberta Raileanu, Marco Selvatici, Edward Grefenstette, Tim Rocktäschel · NeurIPS 2020

The roguelike benchmark Craftax borrows its floors, monsters and potions from.

BALROG: Benchmarking Agentic LLM and VLM Reasoning On Games

Davide Paglieri et al. · arXiv 2024

Language and vision-language models playing Crafter, NetHack and others: how far reasoning gets without RL training.

Multi-Agent Craftax

see the paper · arXiv 2025

Craftax for teams of agents: the rules we plan to follow for co-op rooms.

PufferLib: Making Reinforcement Learning Libraries and Environments Play Nice

Joseph Suarez · arXiv 2024

Fast RL tooling, and the C port of Craftax our engine is forked from; its released agent, PufferLib 162, plays here.

Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

John Schulman, Filip Wolski, Prafulla Dhariwal, Alec Radford, Oleg Klimov · arXiv 2017

PPO: how all three agents here were trained.

Stabilizing Transformers for Reinforcement Learning

Emilio Parisotto, H. Francis Song, Jack W. Rae, Razvan Pascanu, Caglar Gulcehre, Siddhant M. Jayakumar, Max Jaderberg, Raphael Lopez Kaufman, Aidan Clark, Seb Noury, Matthew M. Botvinick, Nicolas Heess, Raia Hadsell · arXiv 2019

The gated Transformer-XL: the memory of the TransformerXL PPO agent.

Were RNNs All We Needed?

Leo Feng, Frederick Tung, Mohamed Osama Ahmed, Yoshua Bengio, Hossein Hajimirsadeghi · arXiv 2024

The minGRU: the recurrent layer PufferLib 162 remembers with.

A 15M-parameter RL agent trained from scratch vs GPT-6 Astra: who would win?

Dan Kondratyuk, Ming-Chang Chiu, Junpeng Lao, Joshua V. Dillon · rekursiv.ai blog 2026

PPO with minGRU memory and a convolutional board encoder, from random weights: beats the final boss in 44% of games, 73% achievement score at 20B steps. The authors published the training code, not the weights; the agent here is a retraining of their recipe.

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